Networking Tutorial 1 "Introduction 1"

[Sheriff Ice]

Dear members and Visitors,

This is the first thread concerning networking and computer networks,this tutorial will be a basic view for beginners and it will contains some technical explanation.
Several Threads will be posted later according the same topic.

We will start with w wide view about networking.

Plz notice that this tutorial isn't only from one source it will depending on several documentation available online and on e-books.

thank you.


Introduction:

First i will give you a general view about networking in general than our topic is going to be narrowed down into TCP/IP network protocols and Ethernet network architectures.

A network is a collection of computers connected to each other. The network allows computers to communicate with each other and share resources and information. The Advance Research Projects Agency (ARPA) designed "Advanced Research Projects Agency Network" (ARPANET) for the United States Department of Defense. It was the first computer network in the world in late 1960's and early 1970's.Each network is composed of seven layers and this is known as the "OSI model".
In its most basic form ( The OSI model), it divides network architecture into seven layers which, from top to bottom, are the Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data-Link, and Physical Layers. It is therefore often referred to as the OSI Seven Layer Model.

The Network layers:

Layer 7: Application Layer
-------------------------
The application layer is the OSI layer closest to the end user, which means that both the OSI application layer and the user interact directly with the software application. This layer interacts with software applications that implement a communicating component.
Some examples of application layer implementations include Telnet, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), and Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP).

Layer 6: Presentation Layer
--------------------------
Data representation and encryption.
The Presentation Layer establishes a context between Application Layer entities, in which the higher-layer entities can use different syntax and semantics, as long as the Presentation Service understands both and the mapping between them.

Layer 5: Session Layer
----------------------
The Session Layer controls the dialogues/connections (sessions) between computers. It establishes, manages and terminates the connections between the local and remote application. It provides for full-duplex, half-duplex, or simplex operation, and establishes check pointing, adjournment, termination, and restart procedures.

Layer 4: Transport Layer
------------------------
The Transport Layer provides transparent transfer of data between end users, providing reliable data transfer services to the upper layers. The Transport Layer controls the reliability of a given link through flow control, segmentation/desegmentation, and error control. Some protocols are state and connection oriented. This means that the Transport Layer can keep track of the segments and retransmit those that fail.

Layer 3: Network Layer
----------------------
The Network Layer provides the functional and procedural means of transferring variable length data sequences from a source to a destination via one or more networks, while maintaining the quality of service requested by the Transport Layer. The Network Layer performs network routing Routers operate at this layer—sending data throughout the extended network and making the Internet possible.

The best-known example of a Layer 3 protocol is the Internet Protocol (IP).

Layer 2: Data Link Layer
-----------------------
The Data Link Layer provides the functional and procedural means to transfer data between network entities and to detect and possibly correct errors that may occur in the Physical Layer.

Layer 1: Physical Layer
----------------------
The Physical Layer defines the electrical and physical specifications for devices. In particular, it defines the relationship between a device and a physical medium. This includes the layout of pins, voltages, cable specifications, Hubs, repeaters, network adapters, Host Bus Adapters (HBAs used in Storage Area Networks) and more.

functions, and might also perform fragmentation and reassembly, and report delivery errors.
The major functions and services performed by the Physical Layer are:

• Establishment and termination of a connection to a communications medium.
• Participation in the process whereby the communication resources are effectively shared among multiple users. For example, contention flow control. resolution and
• Modulation, or conversion between the representation of digital data channel. These are signals operating over the physical cabling (such as copper and optical fiber) or over a radio link. in user equipment and the corresponding signals transmitted over a communications

Plz Feel free to ask anything related to the topic.
If anything is not clear we will be ready to help.

Thank you.

References will be available upon request.

[Kingroudy]

well, i paid 900$ for a 3 credits course to study those
starting the physical layer to the application layer.
what is useful in those? almost nothing:P
real networking starts with having 2 pcs, cross and straight cables, a router, a switch or hub, and some free time.
of course i will help explain tutorial 2 if it deals with what i spoke about.

[Neoxter]

if anyone intrested here is an Ebook for "Wireless Home Networking For Dummies" u'll enjoy it

Download

[Google]

Originally Posted by Kingroudy

well, i paid 900$ for a 3 credits course to study those
starting the physical layer to the application layer.
what is useful in those? almost nothing:P
real networking starts with having 2 pcs, cross and straight cables, a router, a switch or hub, and some free time.
of course i will help explain tutorial 2 if it deals with what i spoke about.

Bisharafak!
The OSI and TCP/IP layers are the basis of everything in networking!
Akid, if you want to study networking from a macro view, then you might never bother to understand them...
But if you want to study networking from a micro view, then these things are essentials and you certainly need to know them very well...
Ex: Suppose you want to program a packet sniffer or any other networking tool!

It depends wether you want to be a producer or just a consumer!

I can help in explaining wireless hacking and other hacking and security stuff in networking.

[Kingroudy]

yeah, tell me, since you are taking this course, how much you are enjoying it, and after you finish it, tell me if you are in a more advanced stage.
i didn't say that these aren't important, i said they are not useful for newbies.
cheers!

[Sheriff Ice]

Kingroudy with all my respect to you, but general knowledge is very important to newbies, i think this introduction is very basic and essential, bcuz later on they will face such language and will start asking, this intro will make things clearer and easier,

and as u see it is very basic and not so complicated

you will notice later that every word mentioned will be explained in details

and we are not here to give cisco or high level networking

I will give a general view and basic information

halla2 if someone would like to help me make this deeper and wider

i appreciate that

[Kingroudy]

my point is, if someone wants to setup a network in his own house, or netcafe, he wouldn't deal with the OSI model.
anyway, i have slideshows explaining each layer, i don't know if i'm allowed to post them, but i'll pass them to you because they are helpful.

[Dr.Scoo]

these stuff are useless. not applicable in real life. and no one here is gonna develop a switch or blablabla. so useless they are.

[Google]

Originally Posted by Dr.Scoo

these stuff are useless. not applicable in real life. and no one here is gonna develop a switch or blablabla. so useless they are.

"Not applicable in real life"!!! => Huh?!
Without these my friend, we cannot even see you posting here on vcoderz!
Think before you throw words!
But anyways... It might be understandable from a mechanical engineering student...

@roudy
It is good that you corrected things a little
About the course, I'm not enjoying it because I know the information from before... (It is like when they teach you that 1+1=2) So I won't be in any advanced stage after I finish it...
By the way, the next networking courses you're going to take at the university won't be much different... They will talk about these layers in depth with some routing algorithms...

Again and again, these are not just important, but are the basis of networking nowadays... I think it's useless to put another post concerning this idea... It's obvious and there is nothing to debate...

[samrieh]

Originally Posted by Neoxter

if anyone intrested here is an Ebook for "Wireless Home Networking For Dummies" u'll enjoy it

Download

hey how could I dowload and it is this book and it is coming that I should put my username and password on google and I dont have a username and pass


NOTE: i think man u should uplaud it to the vcoderz by another website such as 4shared.com or 2shared.com or using the uplaud tool on VCODERZ.

Thanks in advance
Samer